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There also exists secular literature that ascribes the commencement of the tradition in the south to the 3rd century CE. Krishnaswami Aiyangar states that the lifetime of the Vaishnava Alvars was during the first half of the 12th century, their works flourishing about the time of the revival of Brahminism and Hinduism in the north, speculating that Vaishnavism might have penetrated to the south as early as about the first century CE. Tolkappiyam, possibly the most ancient of the extant Sangam works, dated between the 3rd century BCE and 5th century CE glorified Murugan, the favoured god of the Tamils. Main article: Religion in ancient Tamil country In modern times, most of the temples are maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu. There are many mathas (monastic institutions) and temples based out of Tamil Nadu. There are few worship forms and practices in Hinduism that are specific to Tamil Nadu due to the Bhakti movement spreading them across India.
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Most of them came from the Tamil region and the last of them lived in the 9th century CE. The twelve Alvars (poet-saints of the Vaishnava tradition) and sixty-three Nayanars (poet-saints of the Shaiva tradition) are regarded as exponents of the bhakti tradition of Hinduism in South India.
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The religious history of Tamil Nadu is influenced by Hinduism quite notably during the medieval period. Hinduism is the largest religion in Tamil Nadu. The total number of Tamil Hindus as per 2011 Indian census is 63,188,168 which forms 87.58% of the total population of Tamil Nadu. Hinduism in Tamil Nadu finds its earliest literary mention in the Sangam literature dated to the 5th century BCE. Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
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